Artificial Neural Network Based Modeling of Tractor Performance at Different Field Conditions

Application of tractors in farming is undeniable as a power supply. Therefore, performance model for evolving parameters of tractors and implements are essential for farm machinery, operators and manufacturers alike. The objective of this study was to assess the predictive capability of several configurations of ANNs for performance evaluating of tractor in parameters of drawbar power, fuel consumption, rolling resistance and tractive efficiency. A conventional tillage system which included a moldboard plow with three furrows was used for collecting data from MF285 Massey Ferguson tractor. To predict performance parameters, ANN models with back-propagation algorithm were developed using a MATLAB software with different topologies and training algorithms. For drawbar power. The best result was obtained by the ANN with 6-7-1 topology and Bayesian regulation training algorithm with R2 of 0.995 and MSE of 0.00024. The ANN model with 6-7-1 structure and Levenberg-Marquardt training algorithm had the best performance with R2 of 0.969 and MSE of 0.13427 for TFC prediction. The 6-8-1 topology shows the best power for prediction of AFC with R2 and MSE of 0.885 and 0.01348, respectively. Also, the 6-10-1 structure yielded the best performance for prediction of SFC with R2 of 0.935 and MSE of 0.012756. The obtained result showed that the 6-7-1 structured ANN with Levenberg-Marquardt training algorithm represents a good prediction of TE with R2 equal to 0.989 and MSE of 0.001327. The obtained results confirmed that the neural network can be able to learn the relationships between the input variables and performance parameters of tractor, very well

Fuel consumption models of MF285 tractor under various field conditions

Due to the ascending importance of energy in the world, prediction and optimization of Fuel Consumption (FC) in agricultural tasks is merit to consideration. In this study a Massey Ferguson (MF285) tractor was implemented with a low cost and precise data acquisition system as a means to record and monitor the affectual parameters on FC such as forward speed and instant fuel flow rate during field operation. Field experiments were carried out in the experimental farm of Agricultural Engineering Department of Tehran University, Karaj province, Iran, which had loamy soil texture. A mouldboard plow was used as tillage toll during the experiments at various tillage depths, engine speeds, forward speeds, tire inflation pressures, moisture contents and cone indexes. Acquired data were used to elicit an accurate model for Temporal, Area-specific and Specific Fuel Consumption (TFC, AFC and SFC). Results showed considerable effect of all measured parameters on TFC, AFC and SFC. For instance the TFC, AFC and SFC decreased by 11%, 13% and 56% respectively when the cone index increased from 105 to 1161 kPa. And also augmenting tillage depth from 10 to 20 cm led to 44% increase of TFC while SFC decreased by 164% oppositely. AFC rate was 1.1 liter per cm of tillage depth. Increasing the engine speed from 1200 to 2000 r/min led to increase of TFC, AFC and SFC by 56%, 71% and 46%, respectively. The forward speed was the most influential parameter on TFC, AFC and SFC while the moisture content and tire inflation pressure effects were minor. Models validation was acceptable and the fuel consumption rate could be predicted with accuracy of about 95%

Pain Level Detection From Facial Image Captured by Smartphone

Accurate symptom of cancer patient in regular basis is highly concern to the medical service provider for clinical decision making such as adjustment of medication. Since patients have limitations to provide self-reported symptoms, we have investigated how mobile phone application can play the vital role to help the patients in this case. We have used facial images captured by smart phone to detect pain level accurately. In this pain detection process, existing algorithms and infrastructure are used for cancer patients to make cost low and user-friendly. The pain management solution is the first mobile-based study as far as we found today. The proposed algorithm has been used to classify faces, which is represented as a weighted combination of Eigenfaces. Here, angular distance, and support vector machines (SVMs) are used for the classification system. In this study, longitudinal data was collected for six months in Bangladesh. Again, cross-sectional pain images were collected from three different countries: Bangladesh, Nepal and the United States. In this study, we found that personalized model for pain assessment performs better for automatic pain assessment. We also got that the training set should contain varying levels of pain in each group: low, medium and high

The impacts of school on English learners’ motivation in Indonesian Islamic schools

Among the teaching practitioners in Indonesia, there is a general belief that some learners of English in some Indonesian pesantren (Islamic boarding schools) have a negative view on English, which consequently affects their motivation. However, it remains unclear what has affected the trend. The current study investigates this issue in three pesantren schools in Indonesia affiliated with different Islamic groups. Using the L2 Motivational Self System (L2MSS) model proposed by Dörnyei (2009) as an analytical lens, a survey instrument was designed to describe and compare students’ motivation to learn English (n = 376). A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was run to describe and compare the students’ motivation, and a stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to discover which motivational factors made the most significant contribution to motivation by predicting reported learning effort in English.  In addition, a thorough document analysis was performed to obtain background information regarding the teaching of English in the three institutions. It was found that institutional factors do play a role in influencing the learners’ motivation, in that in the most religiously conservative context, the school policy does shape the learners’ ideal L2 self. As the learners’ ideal L2 self was weak, it leads to weak motivational power as well. The paper concludes by emphasizing the crucial role of educational contexts in shaping students’ ideal selves and in providing favourable learning experience, which are key elements in motivating learners to learn English

PERBEDAAN WAIST TO HIP RATIO, FAT FOLDS, DAN BODY MASS INDEX PADA INDIVIDU SEHAT DENGAN INDIVIDU DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 DI MALANG RAYA

ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Diabetes Melitus tipe 2 (DMT 2) dapat menyebabkan penurunan berat badan dan perubahan status gizi akibat  hiperglikemia dan gangguan metabolisme karbohidrat, protein, dan lemak. Pengelolaan pasien DMT 2 dapat dilakukan dengan memonitoring status metabolik, khususnya kadar glukosa darah. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan Waist to Hip Ratio (WHR), Fat Folds (FF), dan Body Mass Index (BMI) individu sehat dengan individu DMT 2 pada usia dan jenis kelamin yang sama di Malang Raya.Metode: Penelitian Descriptive-analytic dengan pendekatan Cross-sectional menggunakan responden perempuan dan laki-laki diatas 40 tahun yang dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu DMT 2 (n= 32) dan sehat (n= 28). Pemeriksaan BMI menggunakan timbangan dan alat ukur tinggi badan sedangkan pada WHR menggunakan alat ukur lingkar badan, dan pemeriksaan FF menggunakan alat skinfold caliper. Selanjutnya data dianalisis menggunakan uji independent t-test kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji pearson correlation.Hasil: Tidak didapatkan perbedaan yang signifikan antara FF dan WHR antar dua kelompok (p<0,370; p<0,519). Tidak didapatkan perbedaan yang signifikan antara BMI individu DM tipe 2 (26,41±3,42) dan sehat (25,75±4,53) (p<0,519). Beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi hasil pemeriksaan dan nilai statistik, yaitu proses proteolisis, genetik individu, obat-obatan, dan jumlah sampel yang tidak seimbang.Kesimpulan: Tidak didapatkan perbedaan signifikan pada WHR, FF, dan BMI individu sehat dengan individu diabetes melitus tipe 2 berdasarkan usia dan jenis kelamin yang sama di Malang Raya. Kata Kunci: Diabetes Melitus, Body Mass Index, Fat Folds, dan Waist to Hip Rati

INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE PRESERVATION OF ORAL LITERATURE “HAHIWANG” IN WEST LAMPUNG

This is a preliminary research that aims to identify the traditional oral literature of hahiwang, and the efforts that have been made in preserving oral literature hahiwang in West Lampung. The method used is qualitative, where the data is collected and analyzed obtained from data collection through observation, and literature review. The result of this research is hahiwang is a traditional oral literature belonging to Krui community, West Lampung. Oral literature of hahiwang is an activity of chanting poem in Lampung with rhythm. The facts, hahiwang oral literature just mastered by the old generation, many young generations know about this oral literature but do not mastered how should its sung. Whereas, the oral literature of hahiwang is full of meaning and moral message about life which is implied from its poem. Some activities of preservation have been done by socialization and externalization.&nbsp

Malicious vehicle detection based on beta reputation and trust management for secure communication in smart automotive cars network

High reliance on wireless network connectivity makes the vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) vulnerable to several kinds of cyber security threats. Malicious vehicles accessing the network can lead to hazardous situation by disseminating misleading information or data in the network or by performing cyber-attacks. It is a requirement that the information must be originated from the authentic and authorized vehicle and confidentiality must be maintained. In these circumstances, to protect the network from malicious vehicles, reputation system based on beta probability distribution with trust management model has been proposed to differentiate trustworthy vehicles from malicious vehicles. The trust model is based on adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) which takes trust metrics as input to evaluate the trustworthiness of the vehicles. The simulation platform for the model is in MATLAB. Simulation results show that the vehicles need at least 80% trustworthiness to be considered as a trusted vehicle in the network

STRATEGI BISNIS USAHA MENENGAH RUMAH MAKAN “PADIN” SURABAYA

Rumah Makan “PADIN” ini merupakan salah satu UKM yang bergerak di bidang kuliner yang termasuk dalam jenis usaha sektor informal yang bisa menentukan perkembangan perekonomian bangsa juga bisa mengurangi pengangguran yang terjadi. Semakin banyaknya usaha kecil mengakibatkan ketatnya persaingan membuat pelaku bisnis yang lebih unggul. Strategi bisnis yang dilakukan pedagang merupakan strategi awal dalam mengembangkan usahanya di kemudian hari. Jika strategi tersebut berjalan sesuai dengan rencana maka kegiatan usaha akan dapat bertahan dari waktu ke waktu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi bisnis yang dilakukan oleh Rumah Makan “PADIN” Bu Dewi Achmad. Strategi bisnis tersebut antara lain strategi produksi, strategi keuangan, strategi manajemen sumber daya manusia dan strategi pemasaran. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah pemilik, karyawan dan konsumen dari Rumah Makan “PADIN” . Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah informasi yang berupa narasi-narasi deskriptif yang dihasilkan dengan wawancara mendalam (indepth interview) yang berkaitan dengan strategi Rumah makan “PADIN” Surabaya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat diketahui Rumah makan “PADIN” berada di kuadran 1 (satu) yaitu menunjukkan bahwa meskipun menghadapi berbagai ancaman, usaha tersebut ini masih memiliki kekuatan dari segi internal. Kata Kunci : Organisasi Bisnis, Analisis SWOT, Strategi Bisnis, Penjualan, Profi

Pengaruh Motivasi Berwirausaha, Kemandirian Dan Efikasi Diri (Self Efficacy) Terhadap Keberhasilan Usaha Pada Penyandang Disabilitas Di Kota Malang

Abstract The rapid development of MSMEs is a manifestation of true entrepreneurship and is deeply rooted in the daily work of entrepreneurs in their respective fields of business. Like ordinary people, people with disabilities need decent work to continue living with all the limitations despite all the limitations they have. The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the variables of entrepreneurship motivation, independence and self-efficacy that affect business success in people with disabilities in the city of Malang by applying snowball sampling technique with several criteria obtained as many as 60 respondents. The research method uses multiple linear regression tests such as t test, R square determination and F test to obtain the results that simultaneously the variables of entrepreneurial motivation, independence, and self-efficacy affect business success, while partially self-efficacy does not affect business success. Keywords : Entrepreneurial Motivation, Independence, Self-Efficacy, Business Succes

Flowering, Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Two Echinacea Species to Drought Stress

Drought is one of the most important environmental stressors that limit plant\u27s productivity. To evaluate the effects of drought stress on Echinacea purpurea and Echinacea angustifolia seedlings at the four-leaf stage, an experiment was conducted with four levels of irrigation regimes: 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of field capacity (FC) in a CRD based factorial experiment with three replications. Growth indices such as shoot and root dry and fresh weight, were reduced at lower FC in both species, but E. angustifolia showed more sensitivity than E. purpurea. Drought stress significantly affected flower stem length, flower longevity, flower diameter, and flower anthocyanin in both species. In addition, flowering was not observed in E. angustifolia under 50% and 25% FC treatment, but the longest flowering period was recorded in E. purpurea under 75% FC treatment (37 days). In this study, leaf carotenoid and anthocyanin contents increased, while the total chlorophyll content decreased under severe drought stress. A reduction of protein content and antioxidant capacity were observed in both species during severe drought stress. The highest amount of electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA), total sugars, and proline was observed in E. angustifolia under 25% FC treatment. Catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) antioxidant enzymes activity increased at severe drought stress. Overall, the results indicate that E. purpurea is more drought tolerant than E. angustifolia and E. purpurea is a good candidate for arid and semi-arid regions with limited water resources